Network Interface Health

Use this skill when a network symptom might be caused by a physical link, switch port, cable, transceiver, duplex setting, or congested interface.

When to Use

• A host or VLAN has packet loss, latency spikes, or intermittent reachability.
• A switch or router interface shows CRCs, runts, giants, drops, resets, or flaps.
• You need to compare both ends of a link before replacing hardware.
• A change window needs before/after interface counter evidence.
• Monitoring reports rising ifInErrors, ifOutErrors, or ifOutDiscards.

How It Works

Interface counters are evidence, but the trend matters more than the absolute number. Capture a baseline, wait a measurement interval, capture again, then compare increments.

show interfaces <interface>
show interfaces <interface> status
show logging | include <interface>|changed state|line protocol

On Linux hosts:

ip -s link show <interface>
ethtool <interface>
ethtool -S <interface>

Counter Reference

Diagnosis Flow

CRCs Or Input Errors

1. Confirm counters are incrementing, not just historical.
2. Check both ends of the link. Receive-side errors usually point to the signal arriving on that side, not necessarily the port reporting the error.
3. Replace patch cable or clean/replace fiber and optics.
4. Confirm speed/duplex settings match on both sides.
5. Check logs for flap events around the same timestamp.

Drops

1. Separate input drops from output drops.
2. Compare interface rate against capacity.
3. Check QoS policy, queue counters, and whether the link is an oversubscribed uplink.
4. Treat queue tuning as secondary. First prove whether the link is congested.

Duplex And Speed

Prefer auto-negotiation on modern Ethernet links when both sides support it. If one side must be fixed, configure both sides explicitly and document why. Never mix fixed speed/duplex on one side with auto on the other.

show interfaces <interface> | include duplex|speed

Safe Parser Example

Slice each interface block from one header to the next. Do not use an arbitrary character window; large interface blocks can cause counters to be missed or assigned to the wrong port.

import re
from typing import Any

HEADER_RE = re.compile(
    r"^(?P<name>\S+) is (?P<status>(?:administratively )?down|up), "
    r"line protocol is (?P<protocol>up|down)",
    re.I | re.M,
)
ERROR_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<input>\d+) input errors, (?P<crc>\d+) CRC", re.I)
DROP_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<output>\d+) output errors", re.I)
DUPLEX_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<duplex>Full|Half|Auto)-duplex,\s+(?P<speed>[^,]+)", re.I)

def parse_show_interfaces(raw: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
    headers = list(HEADER_RE.finditer(raw))
    interfaces = []
    for index, header in enumerate(headers):
        end = headers[index + 1].start() if index + 1 < len(headers) else len(raw)
        block = raw[header.start():end]
        errors = ERROR_RE.search(block)
        drops = DROP_RE.search(block)
        duplex = DUPLEX_RE.search(block)
        interfaces.append({
            "name": header.group("name"),
            "status": header.group("status"),

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